STRAAT Dutch Style · Plant Encyclopedia

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Bucephalandra (alle soorten)

Bucephalandra spp. — 30+ soorten, 200+ variëteiten

🌍 Borneo · endemic to fast-flowing island streams Uncommon CO₂ Optional Diff.: ★★★ 📏 Foreground/Midground — on hardscape 📈 Very slow (1 leaf per 2-3 weeks)

Genus of 30+ species and 200+ trade varieties. All share same basic care. Slow-growing, rheophytic. Iridescent leaves with white spots (normal photosynthesis — not disease). Grows on hardscape. Rhizome NEVER buried. New leaves most colourful. Popular varieties: Green Wavy, Kedagang, Brownie Ghost 2011 (rarest/most expensive), Brownie Blue/Phoenix/Athena/Phantom, Deep Purple, Red Mini, Godzilla, Cascade King, Rainbow Frost, Lamandau, Theia, Purple Blue, Kir Royale.

⚗️ Water parameters

🌡️ Temp

21–28 °C

⚗️ pH

5.5–8 pH

🔵 KH

0–8 °dKH

💧 GH

3–15 °dGH

📊 TDS

50–350 ppm

🌿 CO₂

10–30 ppm

🧪 NO₃

5–25 ppm

🔬 PO₄

0.1–0.8 ppm

⚙️ Fe

0.05–0.3 ppm

Fe for colour intensity of new leaves

💡 PAR

10–100 µmol

Low light OK — less algae risk

🪨 Hardscape — NEVER bury rhizome

🇳🇱 Dutch Style

Accent plant on hardscape in Dutch style. Brownie Ghost 2011 is the most sought-after variety in the Dutch community.

💡 Tips

Rhizome NEVER buried — will rot
Fe dosing for colour intensity of new leaves
New leaves most colourful — old leaves fade
Low light = less algae (keep low PAR < 50µmol)
Cooler water (< 26°C) reduces melt stress
Brownie Ghost 2011 = rarest and most sought-after variant
Algae attack = biggest danger for this slow grower
Attach with fishing line, thread, superglue (cyanoacrylate) or rubber bands

🔍 Problems

⚠ Leaves melt

→ Normal adaptation emersed→submerged on purchase (takes 4-6 weeks)

⚠ Algae on leaves

→ Too much light or insufficient water flow

⚠ No new leaves

→ Insufficient nutrition or CO₂

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Fissidens fontanus

🌍 North America · Europe · cosmopolitan Common CO₂ Optional Diff.: ★★★ 📏 Foreground/hardscape 📈 Slow

Most common Fissidens in the aquarium hobby. Flat feathery moss that attaches excellently to stone and wood. Low requirements. Ideal for nano aquariums and as greening on hardscape. Grows slowly but forms dense green mats.

⚗️ Water parameters

🌡️ Temp

15–26 °C

⚗️ pH

5.5–8 pH

🔵 KH

0–10 °dKH

💧 GH

0–15 °dGH

📊 TDS

30–300 ppm

🌿 CO₂

5–20 ppm

Optional — grows without too

🧪 NO₃

5–25 ppm

🔬 PO₄

0.05–0.5 ppm

⚙️ Fe

0.02–0.15 ppm

💡 PAR

5–60 µmol

🪨 Hardscape — attach with thread or glue

🇳🇱 Dutch Style

Reliable moss for hardscape in Dutch style and biotope aquariums.

💡 Tips

Attach to hardscape with fishing line, nylon thread or superglue
Not in direct strong light — prefers some shade
CO₂ greatly accelerates growth
Also grows in salt/brackish water (rare for a moss)
Lowest light requirements of all aquarium mosses

🔍 Problems

⚠ Not growing

→ Insufficient nutrition or too cold

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Fissidens Geppi

Fissidens geppi

🌍 Asia · Malaysian peninsula Uncommon CO₂ Optional Diff.: ★★★ 📏 Hardscape 📈 Slow

Popular Fissidens species with pinnate fine green fronds. More ornamental than F. fontanus. Attaches well to driftwood and stone. Slightly higher light and nutrition requirements than fontanus but still low-tech suitable.

⚗️ Water parameters

🌡️ Temp

20–28 °C

⚗️ pH

5.5–7.5 pH

🔵 KH

0–8 °dKH

💧 GH

0–12 °dGH

📊 TDS

30–250 ppm

🌿 CO₂

5–20 ppm

🧪 NO₃

5–20 ppm

🔬 PO₄

0.05–0.5 ppm

⚙️ Fe

0.02–0.15 ppm

💡 PAR

10–80 µmol

🪨 Hardscape — tie with thread

🇳🇱 Dutch Style

Ornamental moss for hardscape — more refined than fontanus.

💡 Tips

Finer texture than F. fontanus
More ornamental — clearly visible in Dutch style
CO₂ greatly accelerates growth

🔍 Problems

⚠ Bleaches

→ Fe deficiency

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Fissidens Adianthioides

Fissidens adianthioides

🌍 Cosmopolitan — worldwide distribution Uncommon CO₂ Optional Diff.: ★★★ 📏 Hardscape 📈 Slow

Larger Fissidens species with broader, more leaf-like fronds. Resembles a miniature fern in appearance. Popular in Dutch style as hardscape moss due to its broader leaf structure. Slower growing than F. fontanus.

⚗️ Water parameters

🌡️ Temp

15–26 °C

⚗️ pH

5.5–8 pH

🔵 KH

0–10 °dKH

💧 GH

0–15 °dGH

📊 TDS

30–300 ppm

🌿 CO₂

5–20 ppm

🧪 NO₃

5–25 ppm

🔬 PO₄

0.05–0.5 ppm

⚙️ Fe

0.02–0.15 ppm

💡 PAR

5–80 µmol

🪨 Hardscape — tie with thread

🇳🇱 Dutch Style

Broad leaf structure as moss accent on stone or wood.

💡 Tips

Larger leaf structure than other Fissidens
Miniature fern appearance
Popular in Dutch style as hardscape accent

🔍 Problems

⚠ Slow growing

→ Normal — patience required

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Fissidens Dubius (Toshua Houguke)

Fissidens dubius 'Toshua Houguke'

🌍 Europe · Japan — Japanese selection Uncommon CO₂ Optional Diff.: ★★★ 📏 Hardscape 📈 Slow

Japanese selection with particularly fine and dense leaf structure. More refined than F. fontanus. The name "Toshua Houguke" refers to the Japanese origin of this cultivar. Somewhat rarer in trade than standard Fissidens.

⚗️ Water parameters

🌡️ Temp

15–26 °C

⚗️ pH

5.5–7.5 pH

🔵 KH

0–8 °dKH

💧 GH

0–12 °dGH

📊 TDS

30–250 ppm

🌿 CO₂

5–20 ppm

🧪 NO₃

5–20 ppm

🔬 PO₄

0.05–0.5 ppm

⚙️ Fe

0.02–0.15 ppm

💡 PAR

5–60 µmol

🪨 Hardscape — tie with thread

🇳🇱 Dutch Style

Finest Fissidens — Japanese selection for Dutch style hardscape.

💡 Tips

Japanese "Toshua Houguke" selection is more refined
Finest leaf structure of available Fissidens
Rarer than F. fontanus

🔍 Problems

⚠ Not growing

→ Insufficient nutrition

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Fissidens Bucephalandra

Fissidens sp. 'Bucephalandra'

🌍 Borneo — endemic Rare CO₂ Optional Diff.: ★★★ 📏 Hardscape 📈 Slow

Rare Fissidens species endemic to Borneo, found in the same biotope as Bucephalandra. Fine feathery leaves. Limited availability in trade. Similar care to other Fissidens species.

⚗️ Water parameters

🌡️ Temp

20–26 °C

⚗️ pH

5.5–7.5 pH

🔵 KH

0–6 °dKH

💧 GH

0–10 °dGH

📊 TDS

30–200 ppm

🌿 CO₂

5–20 ppm

🧪 NO₃

5–20 ppm

🔬 PO₄

0.05–0.4 ppm

⚙️ Fe

0.02–0.15 ppm

💡 PAR

10–60 µmol

🪨 Hardscape — tie with thread

🇳🇱 Dutch Style

Rare Borneo Fissidens for collectors of special mosses.

💡 Tips

Extremely rare — Borneo endemic
Keep all propagated specimens
Found growing together with Bucephalandra in its biotope

🔍 Problems

⚠ Not growing

→ Parameters too far from biotope optimum